山東城鄉居民就業狀況調查:與同事領導關系滿意度最高
齊魯人才網 . 2019-04-13發布

4月(yue)9日,山(shan)東(dong)(dong)社(she)(she)(she)科院發布2017年(nian)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省經濟社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)綜(zong)合(he)調(diao)查(cha)主要(yao)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)報告。調(diao)查(cha)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)來自(zi)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)科學院2017年(nian)7-11月(yue)實(shi)施的(de)第三(san)次全(quan)省經濟社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)綜(zong)合(he)調(diao)查(cha),調(diao)查(cha)以基本公共(gong)服務供給為核(he)心(xin),調(diao)查(cha)總體為全(quan)省范圍內居住在(zai)家庭戶內的(de)18周歲以上全(quan)體城鄉居民,共(gong)抽取(qu)樣(yang)本3000個,男女分別(bie)占(zhan)49.8%、50.2%,城鄉居民分別(bie)占(zhan)59.9%、40.1%,60歲及以上人(ren)口占(zhan)20.6%。調(diao)查(cha)組在(zai)調(diao)查(cha)員培訓(xun)、入戶調(diao)查(cha)、問卷檢(jian)查(cha)和復核(he)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)錄(lu)入與清理等各環節實(shi)行嚴(yan)格的(de)質量控制(zhi),確保了調(diao)查(cha)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)可靠性(xing)。

調查顯示,有工作的占53.9%,沒有工作的占43.6%,男、女就業比例在城鄉之間沒有顯著差異。城鎮中沒有工作的最主要原因是離休或退休(占46.9%),農村中沒有工作的最主要原因是喪失勞動能力(占27.5%)。

有工作(zuo)的人(ren)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)齡(ling)為50.2歲(sui)。在有工作(zuo)的人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong),45歲(sui)以下勞動力(li)占32.9%,45歲(sui)及以上(shang)占67.1%,中(zhong)(zhong)老年(nian)勞動力(li)所占比重高于全國平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水平(ping)(ping)。相(xiang)對于城(cheng)鎮(zhen),農村就(jiu)業者年(nian)齡(ling)結構老化問題嚴(yan)重。有工作(zuo)者的平(ping)(ping)均(jun)受教(jiao)育(yu)年(nian)限為8.1年(nian)。就(jiu)業者平(ping)(ping)均(jun)受教(jiao)育(yu)年(nian)限與(yu)其年(nian)齡(ling)呈(cheng)顯(xian)著負相(xiang)關。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)意度(du)(du)最高的(de)(de)(de)是“與同(tong)(tong)事的(de)(de)(de)關系”和“與領導的(de)(de)(de)關系”,然后依次是對工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)安(an)全性、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)穩定性、個人(ren)(ren)能力發揮和勞(lao)動強度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)滿(man)意度(du)(du),對工(gong)(gong)(gong)資收(shou)入(ru)和晉升前(qian)景(jing)的(de)(de)(de)滿(man)意度(du)(du)最低。方(fang)差(cha)分析(xi)結(jie)果表(biao)明,工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)意度(du)(du)在(zai)城鄉、雇傭狀況、勞(lao)動合同(tong)(tong)類型、單(dan)位(wei)所有(you)制性質等之間均(jun)存在(zai)顯著差(cha)異。在(zai)非公(gong)經濟就(jiu)業或者臨時(shi)務工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)意度(du)(du)較低,體制內(nei)就(jiu)業人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)意度(du)(du)相對較高,組織因素對工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)滿(man)意度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影響非常顯著。

簽訂(ding)(ding)了(le)勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)占(zhan)39.2%,沒(mei)有簽訂(ding)(ding)勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)占(zhan)34.1%,不需(xu)要(yao)簽訂(ding)(ding)勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)占(zhan)26.7%。由此反(fan)映出(chu)我省體制內就(jiu)業(ye)和個體就(jiu)業(ye)的(de)(de)規模要(yao)高于全(quan)國平均水平。

出現(xian)比較多的勞動(dong)爭議(yi)是(shi)(shi)超(chao)時加班(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)(he)勞動(dong)報酬不合(he)理,分別占17.9%和(he)(he)(he)13.5%,其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)拖欠(qian)(qian)工資和(he)(he)(he)工作環境惡劣(lie),分別占8.1%和(he)(he)(he)7.8%,最(zui)后是(shi)(shi)工傷(shang),占4.1%。在遇(yu)到過勞動(dong)爭議(yi)時,有34.2%得到了解(jie)決,其(qi)中爭議(yi)解(jie)決率最(zui)高的是(shi)(shi)工傷(shang),有一半的爭議(yi)得到解(jie)決,然后依次(ci)是(shi)(shi)拖欠(qian)(qian)工資、超(chao)時加班(ban)(ban)、勞動(dong)報酬不合(he)理和(he)(he)(he)工作環境惡劣(lie)。對勞動(dong)爭議(yi)與相關結構(gou)變量進(jin)行關聯度分析發現(xian),城鄉(xiang)、雇傭狀況、勞動(dong)合(he)同類型和(he)(he)(he)單位所有制性質等變量是(shi)(shi)出現(xian)勞動(dong)爭議(yi)的影響(xiang)因素。

在目前(qian)無業(ye)(ye)、失(shi)業(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)待業(ye)(ye)者中,平均失(shi)業(ye)(ye)時(shi)間為9.5年(nian)。在失(shi)業(ye)(ye)期間領(ling)取過失(shi)業(ye)(ye)保險金的(de)僅(jin)占7.6%。被訪者年(nian)齡與(yu)失(shi)業(ye)(ye)時(shi)長呈正相關(guan),男、女(nv)失(shi)業(ye)(ye)時(shi)長沒有顯(xian)著差異。對于求職(zhi)(zhi),幫助最(zui)大的(de)前(qian)三位依(yi)次(ci)是:找朋(peng)友或(huo)(huo)親(qin)戚幫忙、參(can)加用人(ren)單(dan)位招聘或(huo)(huo)招考、找職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)介(jie)紹機(ji)構。在創業(ye)(ye)政策和服(fu)務方面,認為最(zui)重要的(de)前(qian)三位依(yi)次(ci)是:創業(ye)(ye)培訓(xun)與(yu)指導、政府(fu)支持(chi)的(de)優惠金融貸款、政策法律(lv)咨(zi)詢服(fu)務。

在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)傳(chuan)統種養(yang)殖方面(mian),從(cong)(cong)事(shi)糧食(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物種植的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)66.2%,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)經(jing)(jing)濟作(zuo)(zuo)物種植的占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.6%,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)/水(shui)產(chan)養(yang)殖的占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.6%,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)飼養(yang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或畜牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.9%,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品加工或直銷(xiao)的占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.9%。在(zai)新型經(jing)(jing)營主體和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態方面(mian),家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.2%,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)9.3%,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)子商務、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)休(xiu)閑旅(lv)游(you)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)家(jia)政(zheng)服務分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.8%、0.5%和(he)(he)1.1%。這表明,全省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)仍(reng)以糧食(shi)和(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟作(zuo)(zuo)物種植為主,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模化(hua)經(jing)(jing)營、家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社得(de)到一定發展(zhan),但農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)商、休(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)旅(lv)游(you)等新業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態、新模式仍(reng)較微弱(ruo)。

從(cong)事(shi)(shi)不同農業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營類(lei)型的(de)(de)主體之(zhi)間年齡差異比較(jiao)明顯(xian),從(cong)事(shi)(shi)糧食作物(wu)種植、經(jing)濟作物(wu)種植、農村電子(zi)商務和(he)農村休閑旅游的(de)(de)被(bei)訪者平(ping)均年齡分別為57.8歲(sui)、56.3歲(sui)、46.5歲(sui)和(he)41.3歲(sui)。越來越多受(shou)過教育的(de)(de)年輕(qing)人從(cong)事(shi)(shi)農業(ye)新業(ye)態、新模式(shi)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營。

掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)農(nong)(nong)林果(guo)木等(deng)(deng)種植管(guan)(guan)理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)34.3%,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)房(fang)屋建造及(ji)其他工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.6%,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)手(shou)工(gong)紡織、刺繡等(deng)(deng)手(shou)工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.1%,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)養殖(zhi)、畜牧專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)或獸醫技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.8%,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)、食品(pin)(pin)、服裝等(deng)(deng)加工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4%,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)電(dian)子商務(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.4%。可見,全省農(nong)(nong)民(min)所(suo)掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)仍以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)作物種植管(guan)(guan)理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)磚瓦木工(gong)等(deng)(deng)建筑(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為主。對(dui)(dui)不同年齡(ling)組的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)比分析發(fa)現,45歲(sui)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上年齡(ling)組有(you)更(geng)高(gao)比例(li)掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)種植管(guan)(guan)理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),45歲(sui)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)年齡(ling)組有(you)更(geng)高(gao)比例(li)掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)電(dian)子商務(wu)、手(shou)工(gong)藝和(he)加工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。因此,對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)培訓,應結合(he)不同生產經營方(fang)式及(ji)所(suo)掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能,針對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)村產業的(de)(de)不同業態和(he)經營模式進行相應的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能培訓。