孫(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)于(yu)2018年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)從某(mou)企業內部(bu)退(tui)養。同(tong)年(nian)3月(yue)(yue),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)到某(mou)機械公(gong)司應聘并被錄用(yong),雙方簽訂有用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協議(yi)。2018年(nian)5月(yue)(yue),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時受到事故傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)。因公(gong)司不為其認(ren)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)自(zi)行提出了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)申請,人社局作出了(le)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)決定(ding)(ding)書(shu)》。經勞動(dong)能力鑒定(ding)(ding)委(wei)員會鑒定(ding)(ding),孫(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)傷(shang)(shang)殘等級為七(qi)級。
其后(hou),孫(sun)某向勞動(dong)人事爭議仲裁(cai)委員會提出仲裁(cai)申(shen)請,請求(qiu)確(que)認他與機(ji)械公司(si)(si)之間(jian)存在勞動(dong)關系,并要求(qiu)機(ji)械公司(si)(si)補(bu)發(fa)(fa)工(gong)傷事故發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)被扣除的工(gong)資(zi),向其支付醫(yi)療費(fei)、住院伙食補(bu)助費(fei)、護理費(fei)等費(fei)用,以及一次性(xing)傷殘補(bu)助金(jin)、一次性(xing)醫(yi)療補(bu)助金(jin)、一次性(xing)就(jiu)業補(bu)助金(jin)等合計15萬余元。在仲裁(cai)期(qi)間(jian),孫(sun)某書面通(tong)知機(ji)械公司(si)(si)解除雙方的用工(gong)關系。
機(ji)械公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)辯(bian)稱(cheng),孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)是某(mou)(mou)企(qi)(qi)業職工,在原單位享有社保(bao),內退(tui)后(hou)與原企(qi)(qi)業之間仍存在勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi),而我國(guo)不(bu)承認(ren)雙重勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi),因此(ci),本公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)聘(pin)用(yong)孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)后(hou),雙方之間應(ying)建立的是雇(gu)傭關(guan)(guan)系(xi),而非勞動(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)。由于是雇(gu)傭關(guan)(guan)系(xi),本公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)沒有為孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)繳(jiao)納(na)工傷保(bao)險費的法定義務,當然(ran)就(jiu)不(bu)應(ying)承擔工傷賠償責任。
勞(lao)動人事爭(zheng)議仲裁(cai)(cai)委員會認為,機械公(gong)司的抗辯成(cheng)立,遂裁(cai)(cai)決駁回孫(sun)(sun)某的仲裁(cai)(cai)請(qing)求(qiu)。孫(sun)(sun)某對裁(cai)(cai)決不服,向法(fa)院提起訴訟。
法(fa)院審理(li)認(ren)為(wei),孫(sun)(sun)某與(yu)機械公司之間(jian)的用(yong)工(gong)關系(xi)應(ying)當(dang)按(an)勞動(dong)關系(xi)處理(li),機械公司依法(fa)應(ying)當(dang)承(cheng)擔(dan)工(gong)傷待(dai)遇賠償的法(fa)律責任(ren),遂判決支持了孫(sun)(sun)某的訴訟(song)請求。
【法律評析】
法院對(dui)本案的判決是(shi)正(zheng)確的。
首先(xian),孫某與機械公司(si)之(zhi)間的用(yong)工(gong)關系仍構成勞動關系。
一般來說,全日制勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者只能參加(jia)一種勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系,但是,法律并未(wei)絕對禁止(zhi)雙(shuang)重(zhong)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系,如《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)法》第39條規定(ding),勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者同(tong)時與其他(ta)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)建立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系,對完成(cheng)本單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)工作任務(wu)造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)影響,或(huo)者經用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)提出(chu),拒不改(gai)正的(de),用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)可以解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)。本法第91條規定(ding),用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)招用(yong)與其他(ta)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)尚未(wei)解(jie)除或(huo)者終(zhong)止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者,給(gei)其他(ta)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)造(zao)成(cheng)損(sun)失的(de),應當承擔連帶賠償責(ze)任。
內(nei)退即內(nei)部退養,主要(yao)是對一些(xie)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)安排(pai)合適崗位的(de)老員工(gong)所采(cai)取的(de)過渡性安置,內(nei)退人(ren)(ren)員雖然(ran)每月領取內(nei)退費,但可能無法(fa)(fa)(fa)滿足其生活需要(yao),因此仍有重新就業(ye)的(de)需要(yao)。為此,最(zui)高人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)《關(guan)于審理勞動(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)議案(an)件適用法(fa)(fa)(fa)律若(ruo)干問題(ti)的(de)解釋(三(san))》第8條規定(ding):“企業(ye)停薪(xin)留職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員、未達到法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)退休年齡的(de)內(nei)退人(ren)(ren)員、下崗待崗人(ren)(ren)員以及企業(ye)經營性停產放長假人(ren)(ren)員,因與(yu)新的(de)用人(ren)(ren)單位發生用工(gong)爭(zheng)(zheng)議,依法(fa)(fa)(fa)向人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)提起訴(su)訟的(de),人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)應(ying)當按勞動(dong)關(guan)系處理。”
本案中,孫(sun)(sun)某在與原單位(wei)保留勞動關(guan)系的前提下,到機械公(gong)司從事勞動、接受管理(li)。顯然,孫(sun)(sun)某又(you)與機械公(gong)司之間建立了(le)一個勞動關(guan)系。
其次,機械公司有為孫某參加(jia)工傷保險的義務。
勞動(dong)者從原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)內退(tui)后(hou),其社會(hui)保險(xian)關(guan)系并沒有終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi),而(er)是(shi)由(you)原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)繳(jiao)(jiao)費(fei),一直(zhi)到(dao)勞動(dong)者達到(dao)退(tui)休年(nian)齡辦理退(tui)休手續(xu)為止(zhi)(zhi)。但是(shi),這并不意味著新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)雇用(yong)(yong)內退(tui)人(ren)員,就無需承擔為其辦理參加工傷保險(xian)手續(xu)的義務。由(you)于內退(tui)人(ren)員與新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)之間(jian)形(xing)成的是(shi)勞動(dong)關(guan)系,雙(shuang)方的權(quan)利義務關(guan)系適用(yong)(yong)勞動(dong)法律法規(gui)(gui)的規(gui)(gui)定(ding),因此,新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)應當為所聘(pin)用(yong)(yong)的內退(tui)人(ren)員繳(jiao)(jiao)納工傷保險(xian)費(fei)、參加工傷保險(xian),或者由(you)原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)將工傷保險(xian)轉(zhuan)到(dao)新單(dan)位(wei)(wei),由(you)新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)繳(jiao)(jiao)費(fei)。有關(guan)部門(men)對此也作出了規(gui)(gui)定(ding):
一是人(ren)力(li)資源和社會保(bao)(bao)障部《實施〈社會保(bao)(bao)險法〉若干規定(ding)》第9條規定(ding):“職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(包括非(fei)全(quan)日制從業人(ren)員(yuan))在兩個(ge)或(huo)者兩個(ge)以上用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位同時就(jiu)業的(de),各用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位應(ying)當(dang)分別為職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)繳納工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險費。職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)傷(shang),由職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)受到傷(shang)害時工(gong)(gong)作的(de)單(dan)(dan)位依(yi)法承(cheng)擔(dan)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險責任。”
二是最高(gao)人民法院(yuan)《關于審(shen)理工傷(shang)保險行(xing)政案件若干問題(ti)的規(gui)(gui)定》第(di)3條規(gui)(gui)定:“職工與兩個或兩個以(yi)上單(dan)位(wei)建立勞動關系,工傷(shang)事故發(fa)生時(shi),職工為之(zhi)工作(zuo)的單(dan)位(wei)為承(cheng)擔工傷(shang)保險責(ze)任(ren)的單(dan)位(wei)。”
上述規定表明,雙重勞(lao)動關(guan)系中是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以存(cun)在雙重工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險關(guan)系的,勞(lao)動者可(ke)以參加(jia)兩份(fen)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險,只是(shi)(shi)(shi)在發生工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)后只能享受一份(fen)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)待遇。就本案(an)而言,機械公(gong)司有關(guan)自己沒有義務為孫(sun)某繳納(na)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險費(fei)的抗辯是(shi)(shi)(shi)不能成(cheng)立的,也無(wu)權主張用孫(sun)某在原單(dan)位(wei)的工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險。
最后,機械公司應當自行承擔工傷保險責任。
《工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)條(tiao)例(li)》第(di)62條(tiao)第(di)2款規(gui)定(ding):“依照(zhao)(zhao)本條(tiao)例(li)規(gui)定(ding)應當參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)而(er)未參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)用人單(dan)位職工(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)傷的(de),由該用人單(dan)位按照(zhao)(zhao)本條(tiao)例(li)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇項(xiang)目(mu)和標(biao)準支(zhi)付費(fei)用。”孫某是(shi)在(zai)機械公司工(gong)(gong)作期間發生工(gong)(gong)傷事(shi)故的(de),工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)責任的(de)主(zhu)體顯(xian)然是(shi)機械公司。由于機械公司沒有為孫某上工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian),因(yin)此本應由工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)基金支(zhi)付的(de)工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費(fei)用,均由機械公司自行承擔。
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