問 我今年休產假了，馬上(shang)過年了，公司發年終獎(jiang)，不知道(dao)還有(you)沒有(you)我的？

答 首先，發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)終獎(jiang)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)自主給予員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)福利待(dai)遇，并非用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)義務。法(fa)律沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)終獎(jiang)，也沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)發(fa)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，因(yin)此(ci)，勞動者(zhe)不(bu)可以(yi)強(qiang)求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)終獎(jiang)。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)可以(yi)通過(guo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)或者(zhe)勞動合同，對年(nian)終獎(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)發(fa)放(fang)方法(fa)作(zuo)出(chu)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)。如果用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)或者(zhe)勞動合同條款(kuan)中明確約定(ding)(ding)(ding)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)終獎(jiang)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)就應該根據約定(ding)(ding)(ding)履(lv)行自己承(cheng)諾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義務。 其次，就其性(xing)質而言，年(nian)終獎(jiang)也是(shi)勞動報酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成部(bu)分之一(yi)(yi)。根據國家統(tong)計(ji)局《關(guan)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》及(ji)《若干具(ju)體(ti)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)總(zong)額是(shi)指各單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時期(qi)內直接支付(fu)給本單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)部(bu)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動報酬總(zong)額，包(bao)括獎(jiang)金(jin)；獎(jiang)金(jin)包(bao)括生產(chan)獎(jiang)；生產(chan)獎(jiang)包(bao)括年(nian)終獎(jiang)(勞動分紅)等(deng)。因(yin)此(ci)，年(nian)終獎(jiang)從(cong)狹義講是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)金(jin)，從(cong)廣(guang)義講屬于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動報酬。 第三，懷孕(yun)女職工(gong)(gong)(gong)在產(chan)假(jia)期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)待(dai)遇不(bu)得(de)降低。年(nian)終獎(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，歸根結底(di)是(shi)女職工(gong)(gong)(gong)在懷孕(yun)、生育期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)待(dai)遇問(wen)題(ti)。對此(ci)，國家相關(guan)法(fa)律對于(yu)女職工(gong)(gong)(gong)懷孕(yun)期(qi)間(jian)有(you)(you)著特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動保(bao)護規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。《婦女權益保(bao)障法(fa)》、《女職工(gong)(gong)(gong)勞動保(bao)護特別規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》等(deng)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)都規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，任(ren)何單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)得(de)因(yin)結婚、懷孕(yun)、產(chan)假(jia)、哺乳等(deng)情形，降低女職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)。