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研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)教育(yu)屬于(yu)國民教育(yu)序(xu)列中(zhong)的高(gao)等教育(yu)，又分為兩個層(ceng)次：碩士研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)和博士研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)。目前我國碩士研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)種(zhong)類比(bi)較復雜(za)，可以(yi)從(cong)以(yi)下角度劃分。

碩士(shi)生(sheng)按其學習(xi)方式分為全日(ri)(ri)(ri)制碩士(shi)生(sheng)和非全日(ri)(ri)(ri)制碩士(shi)生(sheng)兩種(zhong)。前者(zhe)指在高等學校(xiao)和科研(yan)機構(gou)進(jin)行全日(ri)(ri)(ri)制學習(xi)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)；后者(zhe)指在學習(xi)期間仍在原工(gong)作崗位承擔一定工(gong)作任(ren)務的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)。

按錄取(qu)類別(bie)劃分(fen)。碩(shuo)士(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)錄取(qu)類別(bie)分(fen)為非定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)兩種(zhong)。參加單(dan)獨考試的(de)考生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，只能被錄取(qu)為回原單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均須(xu)在被錄取(qu)前與(yu)招生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)分(fen)別(bie)簽訂定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合同。定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)后回定(ding)(ding)向單(dan)位(wei)(wei)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。非定(ding)(ding)向就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)時采取(qu)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)“雙向選擇”的(de)方式，落實就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)去向。招生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)及所(suo)在地省級(ji)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主管(guan)部門負責(ze)辦(ban)理相關手續。

按(an)照培(pei)養目標和培(pei)養方式，可分為(wei)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)型(xing)和專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)研(yan)究生兩種(zhong)。專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)型(xing)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)處于同一層次(ci)，培(pei)養規格各有(you)側重，在(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)養目標上(shang)有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)差異。學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)型(xing)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)按(an)學(xue)科(ke)設(she)立，其(qi)以學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究為(wei)導向，偏重理論和研(yan)究，培(pei)養大學(xue)教師(shi)(shi)和科(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構的(de)(de)研(yan)究人(ren)員；而(er)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以專業(ye)(ye)(ye)實踐(jian)(jian)為(wei)導向，重視(shi)實踐(jian)(jian)和應用(yong)，培(pei)養在(zai)(zai)(zai)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)和專門(men)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)受(shou)到正(zheng)規的(de)(de)、高水平訓(xun)練的(de)(de)高層次(ci)人(ren)才。專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)教育的(de)(de)突(tu)出特點是學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)型(xing)與(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)性緊密結合(he)，獲得專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)人(ren)，主要不是從(cong)(cong)事學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究，而(er)是從(cong)(cong)事具有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)背景(jing)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，如工(gong)程師(shi)(shi)、醫(yi)師(shi)(shi)、教師(shi)(shi)、律師(shi)(shi)、會計(ji)師(shi)(shi)等。專業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)型(xing)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)養目標上(shang)各自(zi)有(you)明(ming)(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)教學(xue)方法(fa)、教學(xue)內容、授予(yu)學(xue)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)標準和要求等方面均有(you)所不同。

按照(zhao)考(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)式分(fen)(fen)類劃分(fen)(fen)。碩士生入學考(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)初試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和復試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)階段進行(xing)。初試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)全國統一考(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、聯合(he)考(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、單獨考(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以及推薦免試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

全國(guo)(guo)統(tong)一(yi)考試(shi)中部(bu)(bu)分(fen)考試(shi)科(ke)目由教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)統(tong)一(yi)組織命(ming)題。聯合考試(shi)是教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)批(pi)準的(de)(de)特定學科(ke)（類別）、專業（領域(yu)）的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)考試(shi)科(ke)目由全國(guo)(guo)統(tong)一(yi)（或聯合）命(ming)題的(de)(de)考試(shi)。單(dan)獨(du)考試(shi)是經教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)批(pi)準的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)招(zhao)(zhao)生單(dan)位，為符合特定報名條件的(de)(de)在職人員(yuan)單(dan)獨(du)組織命(ming)題而進行的(de)(de)考試(shi)。推薦(jian)免試(shi)是部(bu)(bu)分(fen)高等學校按教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)規定推薦(jian)本(ben)校優秀應(ying)屆本(ben)科(ke)畢業生，確(que)認其免初試(shi)資格，由招(zhao)(zhao)生單(dan)位進行復試(shi)的(de)(de)選拔(ba)方(fang)式。