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為了解煙臺市規模以下工業企業用工情況，國家統計局煙臺調查隊于近期對150家規模以下工業企業用工情況進行了專題調查。從調查的情況看，102家企業沒有招工需求，有招工需求的48家企業中只有5家企業沒有找到所需員工。當前，我市規模以下工業企業用工情況基本穩定，但企業用工中存在用工需求不旺、專業技術人員缺乏、企業用工觀念落后、用工成本逐年走高等問題。

企業招工難正逐步緩解

國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)統(tong)計煙臺調查隊(dui)調查顯示，我(wo)市(shi)規模(mo)以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業企業用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況穩定。一季度，有(you)(you)(you)48家(jia)(jia)(jia)樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)，占樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位總量的32%。其中，有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)并(bing)招(zhao)到(dao)全部(bu)所(suo)需(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的10家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)并(bing)招(zhao)到(dao)大部(bu)分(fen)所(suo)需(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)(you)(you)20家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)招(zhao)到(dao)少部(bu)分(fen)所(suo)需(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)(you)(you)13家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)沒(mei)(mei)能招(zhao)到(dao)所(suo)需(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)(you)(you)5家(jia)(jia)(jia)。102家(jia)(jia)(jia)樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)。當前規模(mo)以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業企業用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況穩定，招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)不(bu)旺。

企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)持續(xu)走高。今年(nian)(nian)1-2月份，150家樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共有職工(gong)3340人(ren)，支付(fu)職工(gong)薪酬(chou)2229.2萬元，人(ren)均(jun)月薪酬(chou)3337元，比去年(nian)(nian)同(tong)期增加(jia)70元，同(tong)比增長2.1%。人(ren)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)逐年(nian)(nian)增長擠(ji)占了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤空(kong)間，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian)困(kun)擾規(gui)下工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)突出問(wen)題之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。問(wen)卷(juan)調查顯示(shi)：在當(dang)(dang)前(qian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快(kuai)(kuai)、原材料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快(kuai)(kuai)、融資難(nan)、招工(gong)難(nan)、資金緊張、市場(chang)需求不足六(liu)個突出問(wen)題中，用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快(kuai)(kuai)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)占據困(kun)擾企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)突出問(wen)題前(qian)三(san)名，本(ben)(ben)次問(wen)卷(juan)調查顯示(shi)72家樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認為用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快(kuai)(kuai)是困(kun)擾當(dang)(dang)前(qian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)突出問(wen)題之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，占樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)總量的(de)(de)(de)48%。

雖(sui)然用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)走(zou)高(gao)，但好消息是，企業(ye)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難問題(ti)正逐(zhu)步得到緩解。調查(cha)結果(guo)顯示，在當前(qian)企業(ye)面臨(lin)的用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)上升快(kuai)、原材料成(cheng)本(ben)上升快(kuai)、融資(zi)難、招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難、資(zi)金(jin)緊(jin)張(zhang)、市場需求(qiu)不足六個突(tu)出問題(ti)中，一(yi)季度只有11家樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)企業(ye)將“招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難”列為(wei)當前(qian)困擾企業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的突(tu)出問題(ti)，占調查(cha)樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)總量的7.3%。所(suo)占比重達到新樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)啟用(yong)以來的最(zui)低水(shui)平，說明企業(ye)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難問題(ti)正在逐(zhu)步緩解。

企業用工觀念需要“升級”

調(diao)查中，國(guo)家(jia)統計煙臺調(diao)查隊(dui)發現(xian)，150家(jia)樣本企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)題上存在(zai)一些(xie)問(wen)題亟待解決。首(shou)先(xian)是勞保福利保障(zhang)不(bu)完善。隨著社會保障(zhang)體系(xi)進一步(bu)改善，職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參保意識逐步(bu)增強，但有的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)因自身(shen)條(tiao)件限(xian)(xian)制，收(shou)入有限(xian)(xian)，為(wei)了節(jie)約成本，提高利潤，不(bu)為(wei)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繳納(na)養老、醫療、失業(ye)(ye)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷保險等。還有的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不(bu)與(yu)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)簽訂正規的(de)(de)(de)(de)“勞動(dong)合同”，職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合法權益(yi)不(bu)能得到保障(zhang)。部分(fen)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作環境較差，勞動(dong)保護條(tiao)件差，甚至危及職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人身(shen)健(jian)康和(he)安全。

部(bu)分企業的用(yong)工(gong)(gong)觀念需要“升級”。一些(xie)小微工(gong)(gong)業企業依賴低人(ren)力成本優勢進行市場競爭，靠加(jia)班(ban)加(jia)點來提(ti)高(gao)產量，不(bu)引進高(gao)新技術設備(bei)來提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)率，不(bu)想法使企業轉型升級。沒有人(ren)才儲備(bei)，招聘(pin)途徑單一，對用(yong)工(gong)(gong)招聘(pin)不(bu)提(ti)前準備(bei)，等到(dao)企業急需用(yong)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)臨時(shi)抓(zhua)現，一時(shi)招不(bu)到(dao)所需工(gong)(gong)人(ren)時(shi)有發生。

供求錯位技術工(gong)(gong)短缺。勞動(dong)(dong)力與市(shi)場供求之間存在結構性矛盾(dun)，幾乎(hu)所有行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)熟練工(gong)(gong)、高級技工(gong)(gong)都(dou)處(chu)于供不應(ying)求的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。市(shi)場上勞動(dong)(dong)力主要以普通工(gong)(gong)、農民工(gong)(gong)為(wei)主，而大部分高校畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)一般不愿(yuan)從事艱(jian)苦行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或到(dao)基層一線工(gong)(gong)作，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一線技工(gong)(gong)、熟練技工(gong)(gong)短缺。部分規下工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產條件差、職工(gong)(gong)福利保障不如大型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，發展空(kong)間不大，導致人才流失。