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為了解煙臺市規模以下工業企業用工情況，國家統計局煙臺調查隊于近期對150家規模以下工業企業用工情況進行了專題調查。從調查的情況看，102家企業沒有招工需求，有招工需求的48家企業中只有5家企業沒有找到所需員工。當前，我市規模以下工業企業用工情況基本穩定，但企業用工中存在用工需求不旺、專業技術人員缺乏、企業用工觀念落后、用工成本逐年走高等問題。

企業招工難正逐步緩解

國家(jia)統計煙臺(tai)調查(cha)隊調查(cha)顯示，我市(shi)規模以下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況穩定。一季(ji)度，有(you)(you)(you)(you)48家(jia)樣本(ben)單位(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，占樣本(ben)單位(wei)(wei)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)32%。其(qi)中，有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)并招(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)全部所(suo)需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)10家(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)并招(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)大部分所(suo)需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)20家(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)招(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)少部分所(suo)需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)13家(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)沒能(neng)招(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)5家(jia)。102家(jia)樣本(ben)單位(wei)(wei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。當(dang)前(qian)規模以下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情況穩定，招(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)不旺。

企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)持(chi)續(xu)走(zou)高。今年(nian)1-2月(yue)份，150家(jia)樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)有職(zhi)工(gong)3340人，支付職(zhi)工(gong)薪酬(chou)(chou)2229.2萬(wan)元(yuan)，人均月(yue)薪酬(chou)(chou)3337元(yuan)，比去年(nian)同期(qi)增加70元(yuan)，同比增長(chang)2.1%。人工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)逐年(nian)增長(chang)擠占(zhan)了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤(run)空間，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為近幾年(nian)困擾(rao)(rao)(rao)規下工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)之(zhi)一。問(wen)卷調(diao)查顯示(shi)：在(zai)當前(qian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)用工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)快、原(yuan)材料成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)快、融資難、招工(gong)難、資金緊張、市(shi)場需求不足六(liu)個突(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)中，用工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)快一直占(zhan)據困擾(rao)(rao)(rao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)前(qian)三名(ming)，本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)次(ci)問(wen)卷調(diao)查顯示(shi)72家(jia)樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認為用工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)快是困擾(rao)(rao)(rao)當前(qian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)之(zhi)一，占(zhan)樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)48%。

雖然(ran)用工成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)走高，但好(hao)消息是，企業(ye)(ye)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工難(nan)問(wen)題(ti)正逐步(bu)得到緩解(jie)。調(diao)查(cha)(cha)結果顯(xian)示，在當前(qian)企業(ye)(ye)面臨的用工成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快、原材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)快、融(rong)資難(nan)、招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工難(nan)、資金緊張、市(shi)場需求(qiu)不足六個突(tu)出(chu)(chu)問(wen)題(ti)中，一季度只有(you)11家樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)企業(ye)(ye)將“招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工難(nan)”列(lie)為當前(qian)困擾企業(ye)(ye)發展的突(tu)出(chu)(chu)問(wen)題(ti)，占(zhan)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)總量的7.3%。所(suo)占(zhan)比重達到新(xin)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)啟用以來(lai)的最(zui)低水平，說(shuo)明企業(ye)(ye)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工難(nan)問(wen)題(ti)正在逐步(bu)緩解(jie)。

企業用工觀念需要“升級”

調(diao)查中，國(guo)家統計(ji)煙臺(tai)調(diao)查隊(dui)發現，150家樣本企業(ye)(ye)在(zai)用工(gong)問題上存在(zai)一(yi)些問題亟待(dai)解決。首先是勞保(bao)(bao)福(fu)利(li)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)不(bu)完(wan)善。隨(sui)著社會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)系進一(yi)步(bu)改(gai)善，職(zhi)工(gong)參保(bao)(bao)意識逐(zhu)步(bu)增強，但有(you)的企業(ye)(ye)因(yin)自身條件限(xian)制(zhi)，收入有(you)限(xian)，為(wei)了節約成本，提高(gao)利(li)潤(run)，不(bu)為(wei)員工(gong)繳(jiao)納養老、醫療、失業(ye)(ye)、工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險等。還有(you)的企業(ye)(ye)不(bu)與職(zhi)工(gong)簽訂正規(gui)的“勞動(dong)合同”，職(zhi)工(gong)的合法權益不(bu)能得到保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。部分(fen)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)作環境較差，勞動(dong)保(bao)(bao)護條件差，甚至危(wei)及職(zhi)工(gong)的人身健康和(he)安全。

部(bu)分企業(ye)(ye)的用工(gong)觀念需要(yao)“升級”。一些小微工(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)依賴低(di)人力成本優(you)勢進行(xing)市場(chang)競(jing)爭，靠加班加點來提高產量，不(bu)引進高新技(ji)術(shu)設備來提高效率(lv)，不(bu)想(xiang)法使企業(ye)(ye)轉型升級。沒(mei)有(you)人才儲備，招聘(pin)(pin)途徑單一，對用工(gong)招聘(pin)(pin)不(bu)提前準備，等(deng)到(dao)企業(ye)(ye)急需用工(gong)時臨時抓現，一時招不(bu)到(dao)所需工(gong)人時有(you)發生(sheng)。

供求(qiu)錯位技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)短缺。勞動力與市場(chang)供求(qiu)之間存在結構性矛(mao)盾(dun)，幾乎所有行業的熟練工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、高級技(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都處于(yu)供不應(ying)求(qiu)的狀態。市場(chang)上勞動力主要以普(pu)通(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為主，而(er)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)高校畢(bi)業生(sheng)一般(ban)不愿從(cong)事(shi)艱苦行業或(huo)到(dao)基(ji)層(ceng)一線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，企(qi)業一線技(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、熟練技(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)短缺。部(bu)分(fen)規下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業企(qi)業生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件差、職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)福利保障(zhang)不如大(da)型企(qi)業，發展空間不大(da)，導致(zhi)人才流失。