距離2018年(nian)結束,還有不到三個(ge)月時間,截至(zhi)目(mu)前,全(quan)國至(zhi)少已有15個(ge)省份發布了2018年(nian)企業工資指導線。你(ni)的工資漲了嗎?
據中(zhong)新經緯客戶(hu)端不完全統計,截至10月21日,至少已有甘肅、海南、天津、山西(xi)、江西(xi)、福建、內蒙古、山東、河(he)南、四川、陜西(xi)、吉林、安徽(hui)、云南、上(shang)海等15個省份公布(bu)了(le)2018年企業工資指導線。
除(chu)上(shang)述15省(sheng)份(fen)外,廣西也發布通(tong)知,對(dui)2018年該地區的(de)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)指導線(xian)征求意見。通(tong)知提出,以貨(huo)幣(bi)平均(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)率(lv)7%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)基準(zhun)線(xian),以貨(huo)幣(bi)平均(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)率(lv)11%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)上(shang)線(xian),以貨(huo)幣(bi)平均(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)率(lv)2%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)下線(xian)。
進入第四季(ji)度,全(quan)國31省份中,仍有包括(kuo)北(bei)京、浙江(jiang)、廣東、江(jiang)蘇、重慶、黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)等在內(nei)的(de)(de)十余省份未公(gong)布(bu)2018年(nian)企業工資指導線。值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)是,在這(zhe)些還未公(gong)布(bu)數據的(de)(de)地區,部分省份仍未公(gong)布(bu)2017年(nian)的(de)(de)企業工資指導線,黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)甚至已多年(nian)缺位。
多地指導線上調河南最給力
中新經(jing)緯客戶端對比(bi)15省份2017年(nian)與2018年(nian)的數據發現,除了(le)上海(2017年(nian)企業(ye)工資(zi)指(zhi)導線(xian)(xian)不明確),今年(nian)多(duo)地企業(ye)工資(zi)指(zhi)導線(xian)(xian)的基準(zhun)線(xian)(xian)、上線(xian)(xian)和下線(xian)(xian)有所(suo)上調(diao)。
企(qi)業工資指(zhi)導(dao)線制度(du)是政府對企(qi)業工資分配進行宏(hong)觀調控的一種制度(du),是企(qi)業開展工資集體協商的基(ji)本依據。由基(ji)準線、上線(又(you)稱為預警線)和下線構成。
從基準(zhun)線(xian)來看(kan),相比2017年(nian)下調的有(you)天津(jin)、內蒙古、山東(dong)、四川、吉林(lin)、海南等6省份(fen)。另外,山西、河(he)南、陜西、安徽、甘肅等5省份(fen)對基準(zhun)線(xian)進行了(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)調,其中河(he)南上(shang)(shang)(shang)調最多,由(you)去年(nian)的7.5%上(shang)(shang)(shang)調了(le)4.5個百分點,至今年(nian)的12%。
在上(shang)線(xian)方(fang)面,江西和上(shang)海均不(bu)設上(shang)限。與去年(nian)相(xiang)比,天津、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、山(shan)東、四川(chuan)、吉林(lin)、云南(nan)、海南(nan)等(deng)7個省份下調,其中天津、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、吉林(lin)、云南(nan)均下調了2個百分點;山(shan)西、河南(nan)、安(an)徽(hui)、和甘肅(su)4省份對上(shang)線(xian)進行了上(shang)調。
從下線來看,相(xiang)比去年,進(jin)行下調的省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)僅(jin)內蒙古和(he)云(yun)南2省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen),天津(jin)、山西、江西、福(fu)建、山東、河南、四川、陜西、吉林等9省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)與去年持平,安(an)徽、海南、甘肅等三省(sheng)(sheng)則(ze)將下線上調。
值得注(zhu)意的是,在(zai)已公(gong)布企業工資指導(dao)線的15省(sheng)份中,只有內蒙古的上線、基準線、下(xia)線均有所下(xia)降(jiang)。
有(you)人(ren)可(ke)以會疑(yi)惑,工(gong)(gong)資(zi)指導(dao)線(xian)下(xia)降是指工(gong)(gong)資(zi)會減少嗎?當然不(bu)是。有(you)地方人(ren)社部門相關負責人(ren)表示,工(gong)(gong)資(zi)指導(dao)線(xian)制(zhi)度(du)的重點在于引導(dao)企業建立職工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)正常增(zeng)長機制(zhi)。只要三(san)條指導(dao)線(xian)——基(ji)準線(xian)、下(xia)線(xian)、上線(xian)都(dou)不(bu)是負數(shu),就意味著(zhu)政府指導(dao)的職工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)幅都(dou)是呈上漲趨勢的。
企業必須給(gei)員工漲工資嗎(ma)?漲的一樣多嗎(ma)?
關于(yu)企業(ye)工資(zi)指導線,有(you)兩點需要明(ming)確。
一是(shi)(shi)工資(zi)指導線并(bing)不能要求企(qi)業(ye)(ye)必須(xu)給(gei)員工漲工資(zi)。據悉,工資(zi)指導線是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府向企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發布的(de)(de)年度工資(zi)增長(chang)水(shui)平的(de)(de)建議,屬于指導性(xing)信(xin)息,并(bing)不具(ju)備強(qiang)制約(yue)束力。雖然(ran)工資(zi)指導線不具(ju)備強(qiang)制約(yue)束力,但多地要求加(jia)強(qiang)對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)執行情況的(de)(de)監(jian)督檢查。
如山西提出,企(qi)(qi)業制定的年(nian)度工(gong)資(zi)(zi)指導線實施方(fang)案(an),應(ying)(ying)報縣級以上人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源和(he)社會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)門(men)備案(an)。四川則規定,企(qi)(qi)業應(ying)(ying)當把工(gong)資(zi)(zi)指導線作為工(gong)資(zi)(zi)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)協(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)的重(zhong)要依據,工(gong)會(hui)方(fang)應(ying)(ying)當主動發起工(gong)資(zi)(zi)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)協(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)要約,企(qi)(qi)業方(fang)應(ying)(ying)積極響應(ying)(ying),雙方(fang)通(tong)過工(gong)資(zi)(zi)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)協(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang),確定企(qi)(qi)業工(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長水(shui)平和(he)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)分配方(fang)案(an),訂立工(gong)資(zi)(zi)專(zhuan)項(xiang)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)合同(協(xie)(xie)(xie)議),并將專(zhuan)項(xiang)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)合同(協(xie)(xie)(xie)議)報所在(zai)地人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源社會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)門(men)審查(cha)。
二是企業(ye)(ye)給職工(gong)漲(zhang)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)并非一樣多(duo)。中新經(jing)(jing)緯客(ke)戶端發現,根據企業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營情況和工(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)付(fu)能力(li)的(de)不同,各地對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)給出了不同的(de)職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)增長指導意(yi)見(jian)。
以山(shan)西為例。山(shan)西提(ti)出,經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效益增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)較快(kuai)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)支(zhi)付(fu)能(neng)力較強的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)在基(ji)準線(xian)和上線(xian)區(qu)間內安(an)(an)排(pai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang),其中工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)支(zhi)付(fu)能(neng)力較強的(de)競爭性企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)高(gao)于經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效益的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營正(zheng)常(chang)、經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效益增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye),應圍繞基(ji)準線(xian)安(an)(an)排(pai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang),壟斷企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)幅度(du)原則上不得突破基(ji)準線(xian)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)效益和支(zhi)付(fu)能(neng)力一(yi)般的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)按(an)下線(xian)安(an)(an)排(pai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)確(que)因生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營困(kun)難(nan)、不能(neng)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)指(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)范(fan)圍安(an)(an)排(pai)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的(de),可(ke)(ke)低(di)(di)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)指(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)下線(xian)(含零增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)或(huo)負增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang))確(que)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)平(ping),但要依法經(jing)(jing)(jing)過必要的(de)民主(zhu)程序協(xie)商確(que)定(ding),且企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)給在法定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間內提(ti)供(gong)了正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)動的(de)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)不得低(di)(di)于當地最低(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)標準。
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