7月24日,人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源和(he)(he)社會保(bao)障部(bu)發(fa)布全國各地區月最低(di)(di)工資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)情況和(he)(he)小(xiao)時最低(di)(di)工資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)情況。數據顯示,截至今年6月份,上海、北京、廣東、天(tian)津、江蘇、浙江等地月最低(di)(di)工資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)超過2000元。
與(yu)企業工資指(zhi)導線不(bu)同(tong),最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)工資標準(zhun)(zhun)被視為一項“兜(dou)底”指(zhi)標,是在勞動(dong)(dong)者正常勞動(dong)(dong)情況下,用人單位(wei)必須依法支(zhi)付給勞動(dong)(dong)者的報酬。最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)工資標準(zhun)(zhun)的調整幅度,與(yu)當地社(she)會(hui)經濟發(fa)展密切相關。數據顯示,截(jie)至(zhi)今年6月份(fen),上海月最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)工資標準(zhun)(zhun)為2480元,為全國最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao);北京小時最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)工資標準(zhun)(zhun)24元,為全國最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)。
專家表示,最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的調(diao)整是在物(wu)價上(shang)漲的大環境下,保障職工(gong)(gong)基本(ben)生(sheng)活(huo)需求的一種應(ying)對(dui)。提高最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),低(di)(di)(di)收(shou)入(ru)勞動者(zhe)群體最(zui)為受(shou)(shou)益,尤(you)其是工(gong)(gong)資(zi)水平剛好在最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)線上(shang)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)。隨(sui)著標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)線提高的執(zhi)行期到(dao)來,這些(xie)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)就(jiu)可以直接享受(shou)(shou)到(dao)調(diao)整后的工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。不(bu)僅如(ru)此(ci),隨(sui)著多(duo)地建(jian)立失(shi)業保險金標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)與最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)掛(gua)(gua)鉤聯(lian)動機制,最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的上(shang)調(diao),意味著與之相(xiang)掛(gua)(gua)鉤的失(shi)業保險金標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、就(jiu)業補助(zhu)等相(xiang)關(guan)待遇標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)也將(jiang)相(xiang)應(ying)上(shang)調(diao)。
根據人社部統計,2018年,全(quan)國共有15個省份調整了(le)最低工資(zi)標(biao)準。步入2019年,據不完全(quan)統計,重(zhong)慶、上海、陜西、北京(jing)確(que)定了(le)新一輪(lun)最低工資(zi)標(biao)準的(de)調整。
經濟日報記者從(cong)(cong)(cong)地(di)方人社系統獲悉,重慶從(cong)(cong)(cong)1月(yue)1日起,第一(yi)檔職(zhi)工月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工資標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)1800元,第二(er)檔職(zhi)工月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工資標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)1700元,分(fen)別(bie)比原標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提(ti)高了(le)300元;上(shang)海從(cong)(cong)(cong)4月(yue)1日起,月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工資標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)從(cong)(cong)(cong)2420元調(diao)整到2480元,增加(jia)60元;陜西從(cong)(cong)(cong)5月(yue)1日起,一(yi)類工資區最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)為(wei)每月(yue)1800元,二(er)類工資區最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)為(wei)每月(yue)1700元,三類工資區最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)為(wei)每月(yue)1600元,均比原標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提(ti)高了(le)120元;北京從(cong)(cong)(cong)7月(yue)1日起,月(yue)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工資標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)從(cong)(cong)(cong)2120元調(diao)整到2200元,增加(jia)80元。
根據(ju)人社部(bu)此前發布的《關于做好最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)作的通知》,各地(di)應充分考慮(lv)當地(di)經(jing)濟(ji)形勢發展和企業(ye)實際(ji)情(qing)況,穩妥把握調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)節奏,將最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)由每兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)至少調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)一次改為每兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)至三年(nian)(nian)至少調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)一次。數據(ju)顯示,河北(bei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)實行日期為2016年(nian)(nian)7月,距離上(shang)一次調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)已(yi)滿三年(nian)(nian),其最(zui)(zui)低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)有望在2019年(nian)(nian)上(shang)調(diao)。此外,天津、福建、湖南(nan)、青海(hai)、甘肅距離上(shang)次上(shang)調(diao)時間也已(yi)滿兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)。
記者注意到,各(ge)地(di)之間最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資標準調(diao)(diao)整時間間隔(ge)有所不同。如(ru)(ru)北京、上海等地(di),近(jin)年(nian)來每年(nian)保持對最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資標準進行調(diao)(diao)整,但也有不少(shao)地(di)區采(cai)取兩年(nian)或(huo)三年(nian)調(diao)(diao)整一次(ci)的(de)方式,對最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資標準調(diao)(diao)整持審(shen)慎態度,如(ru)(ru)廣西(xi)近(jin)兩次(ci)調(diao)(diao)整時間分別在2018年(nian)2月和(he)2015年(nian)1月。
有關專(zhuan)家(jia)表示,最(zui)低工資(zi)水平(ping)的(de)(de)上漲,應參(can)考當地(di)就業(ye)(ye)者及(ji)其贍(shan)養人(ren)口的(de)(de)最(zui)低生活費(fei)用、城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民消費(fei)價格指數(shu)、職(zhi)(zhi)工個人(ren)繳納的(de)(de)社(she)會保(bao)險費(fei)和住房公積金(jin)、職(zhi)(zhi)工平(ping)均工資(zi)、經(jing)濟發展水平(ping)、就業(ye)(ye)狀況(kuang)等因(yin)素,因(yin)此不應簡單就數(shu)值進行橫向比較,應該綜合全(quan)面地(di)看待最(zui)低工資(zi)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)上調。同(tong)時,在調整過程中,也(ye)要掌(zhang)握好(hao)“度”,既(ji)考慮低收入職(zhi)(zhi)工的(de)(de)薪資(zi)提高幅度,也(ye)考慮企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)實際承受負擔(dan),注重提高最(zui)低工資(zi)標準(zhun)調整的(de)(de)科學性。
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