國家統計局近日發布的數據顯示,新中國成立70年來特別是改革開放以來,城鄉居民收入大幅增長。1949年全國居民人均可支配收入僅為49.7元,2018年居民人均可支配收入達到28228元,名義增長566.6倍,扣除物價因素實際增長59.2倍,年均實際增長6.1%。
1949-1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),城鎮(zhen)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)從1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)99.5元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)254元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實際(ji)增(zeng)長9.1%;農(nong)村(cun)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)由1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)44元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)73元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實際(ji)增(zeng)長3.5%。到1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),城鎮(zhen)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)343元(yuan)(yuan),比1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)名(ming)義增(zeng)長35.4%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實際(ji)增(zeng)長0.8%;農(nong)村(cun)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)134元(yuan)(yuan),比1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)名(ming)義增(zeng)長83.1%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實際(ji)增(zeng)長2.3%。
1979-1991年(nian),城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民人均可支配(pei)收入(ru)從1978年(nian)的343元增(zeng)(zeng)加到1991年(nian)的1701元,年(nian)均實際(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長6.0%;農村(cun)居(ju)民人均可支配(pei)收入(ru)從1978年(nian)的134元增(zeng)(zeng)加到1991年(nian)的709元,年(nian)均實際(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長9.3%。
1992-2012年,城鎮(zhen)居民人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)入從(cong)1992年的(de)2027元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)2012年的(de)24127元(yuan),年均實際增(zeng)(zeng)長8.3%;農村居民人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)入從(cong)1992年的(de)784元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)2012年的(de)8389元(yuan),年均實際增(zeng)(zeng)長6.7%。
2013-2018年(nian),城(cheng)鎮(zhen)居民人均可(ke)(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收入(ru)從(cong)2013年(nian)的(de)(de)26467元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到2018年(nian)的(de)(de)39251元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)均實際(ji)增(zeng)長6.3%;農村居民人均可(ke)(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收入(ru)從(cong)2013年(nian)的(de)(de)9430元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到2018年(nian)的(de)(de)14617元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)均實際(ji)增(zeng)長7.7%。
伴隨城鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)民收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的跨越(yue)式增長(chang),城鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)民的收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來源從單一走向多(duo)(duo)元。城鎮居(ju)(ju)民工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)再占據絕(jue)對主體(ti),經(jing)營、財產和(he)轉移(yi)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)比重(zhong)增加。新(xin)中國成立后至改革開放前(qian),城鎮居(ju)(ju)民就業者絕(jue)大多(duo)(duo)數為國有(you)和(he)集體(ti)職工(gong),工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)幾乎是唯一的收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來源。改革開放后,隨著非(fei)公有(you)制(zhi)經(jing)濟蓬勃發展,投資渠道不(bu)斷拓寬(kuan),社會保障體(ti)系逐漸完善,城鎮居(ju)(ju)民的收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來源日益(yi)多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)。
統計局(ju)數據顯示(shi),2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)工資性(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)占(zhan)人均(jun)可支(zhi)配收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)比重為60.6%,比1964年(nian)(nian)下降30.3個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)經營凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占(zhan)比為11.3%,比1964年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高8.4個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)財產凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占(zhan)比為10.3%,比1985年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高9.8個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)轉移凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占(zhan)比為17.8%,比1964年(nian)(nian)提(ti)(ti)高13.3個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點。
農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源(yuan)由集體(ti)工(gong)分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)和(he)家(jia)庭經(jing)營(ying)(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)家(jia)庭經(jing)營(ying)(ying)、工(gong)資和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)并駕齊(qi)驅(qu)。改革開放(fang)(fang)前,農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)從集體(ti)得到的(de)(de)工(gong)分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)是最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源(yuan),1956年(nian)農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均從集體(ti)得到的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人均可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重為(wei)(wei)62.4%;農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均家(jia)庭經(jing)營(ying)(ying)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)23.3%。改革開放(fang)(fang)后,家(jia)庭聯產承包(bao)責任制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)實行使(shi)得農(nong)(nong)戶成為(wei)(wei)獨立的(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)單位(wei),家(jia)庭經(jing)營(ying)(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重上升。隨著大量農(nong)(nong)村富余(yu)勞動力向第二、第三產業轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi),工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)成為(wei)(wei)拉動農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)快速增長(chang)的(de)(de)重要(yao)來(lai)源(yuan)。進入(ru)(ru)21世紀后,隨著各種(zhong)惠(hui)農(nong)(nong)補貼的(de)(de)發放(fang)(fang)、農(nong)(nong)村社會(hui)保(bao)障體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)完善和(he)脫(tuo)貧攻堅政策(ce)的(de)(de)深(shen)入(ru)(ru)推進,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)性(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)也得到快速增長(chang)。2018年(nian),農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)人均工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人均可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重為(wei)(wei)41.0%,經(jing)營(ying)(ying)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)36.7%,財產凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)2.3%,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)20.0%。
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