曾幾何時(shi),學歷(li)無用論充斥(chi)著這個(ge)社會,辛辛苦(ku)苦(ku)讀(du)書幾十年,結(jie)果畢業就宣告(gao)失業,根本找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)工(gong)作,即(ji)便勉(mian)強(qiang)找(zhao)到(dao)了(le)工(gong)作,一個(ge)月下來工(gong)資幾千,除了(le)交(jiao)房租水電(dian)費,根本剩不(bu)(bu)下幾個(ge),還沒有民工(gong)能賺錢養家(jia)呢(ni)……時(shi)至今(jin)日(ri),諸(zhu)如此類的(de)(de)例子仍時(shi)時(shi)在網上看(kan)到(dao),什么清華北(bei)大畢業的(de)(de)賣豬肉,什么碩士畢業找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)工(gong)作老父(fu)憤而自殺。學歷(li)真(zhen)的(de)(de)無用嗎?山東本土招聘網站——齊魯(lu)人才網抽(chou)取350萬不(bu)(bu)同(tong)學歷(li)層次(ci)求(qiu)職者(zhe)及120萬家(jia)會員單位(wei)招聘簡(jian)章(zhang),發布(bu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)學歷(li)層次(ci)人群就業大數據,卻給了(le)我們完(wan)全不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)答案!
本科、碩士等高層次人才工資水平甩平均工資好幾條街
如圖所示,學歷(li)層次決定工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水平(ping)(ping)在此番數據統(tong)計中表(biao)現的(de)尤為明顯,以本(ben)科、碩士、博士為代表(biao)的(de)高(gao)層次人才,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)遠遠超過了2018年山(shan)東最(zui)新(xin)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)5234元。其中本(ben)科學歷(li)高(gao)于平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)898元,碩士學歷(li)高(gao)于平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)2245元,博士學歷(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)是省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)2.7倍。高(gao)中及以下學歷(li)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)為4578元,低(di)于省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)656元;專(zhuan)科(高(gao)職)學歷(li)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)5181元,雖然低(di)于全省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)值,但是只有53元的(de)差(cha)距。
山東招聘市場本科學歷需求量大幅上漲 高中及以下學歷需求量下降
對比(bi)2018年(nian)(nian)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)最新崗位需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)按學(xue)歷(li)(li)分析數(shu)據及2017年(nian)(nian)第(di)四季度(du)(du)數(shu)據,可(ke)以(yi)看出本科學(xue)歷(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)提升最為(wei)明顯(xian),高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)及以(yi)下學(xue)歷(li)(li)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)在下降(jiang),專科(高(gao)(gao)職)人(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)依(yi)然是山東(dong)(dong)(dong)就業(ye)市(shi)場的主力軍,這與山東(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)(gao)校畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)歷(li)(li)層次占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)有直接(jie)性(xing)關系(xi)。據《2017年(nian)(nian)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就業(ye)質量(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)報(bao)告》數(shu)據顯(xian)示,山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)2017年(nian)(nian)高(gao)(gao)校畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不同(tong)學(xue)歷(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)數(shu)及占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi),2017屆非師范(fan)類高(gao)(gao)校畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)按學(xue)歷(li)(li)結構(gou)統計(ji),專科(高(gao)(gao)職)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)最多,為(wei)31.78萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)56.20%;其次是本科生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),為(wei)22.73萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)40.21%;另外,研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)2.03萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(其中(zhong),博士研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)0.12萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren),碩士研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)1.91萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)),占(zhan)(zhan)3.59%。專科學(xue)歷(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)如此龐大(da),哪些地(di)市(shi)的需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)以(yi)滿足他們的就業(ye)呢(ni)?
產業升級加速 高中及以下求職者面臨“失業”危機
如圖(tu)所示,高中(zhong)及以下(xia)學歷需(xu)求量在山東17地市呈現下(xia)降趨(qu)勢或小幅度上漲,但是專科(ke)(高職)學歷需(xu)求量則(ze)全部為上漲趨(qu)勢。其中(zhong)漲幅最多是濰坊(fang)地區,達到了111.08%,東營、濟寧排在第(di)二三位。
隨著(zhu)互聯網(wang)+工(gong)業以及新舊動(dong)能(neng)轉換等(deng)(deng)時(shi)代(dai)背景(jing),引發的(de)(de)產業升級越(yue)來越(yue)深入化,傳統行(xing)業面臨著(zhu)從(cong)勞動(dong)密集(ji)型(xing)向人(ren)工(gong)智能(neng)型(xing)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)轉型(xing),基礎操作崗位也(ye)從(cong)初中或高(gao)中學(xue)歷(li)等(deng)(deng)學(xue)歷(li)層次的(de)(de)普工(gong)迭代(dai)為(wei)懂計算(suan)機操作、專(zhuan)業技能(neng)強的(de)(de)技工(gong)型(xing)人(ren)才經過專(zhuan)業學(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)大(da)專(zhuan)畢業生(sheng)成(cheng)了優質的(de)(de)人(ren)選。所以以工(gong)業及制(zhi)造業為(wei)支(zhi)柱產業的(de)(de)濰坊、濟(ji)寧(ning)、東營等(deng)(deng)地(di)市專(zhuan)科人(ren)員需求提升也(ye)就不足為(wei)怪。
高學歷層次人員就業機會多 想跳就跳
如圖(tu)所(suo)示,2018年山(shan)東職(zhi)工(gong)最新平(ping)均跳(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)槽周期為(wei)3.11年,對比各學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)層次跳(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)槽周期可以(yi)看出,高中及以(yi)下(xia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)職(zhi)工(gong)最穩定,跳(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)槽周期為(wei)5.1年;專(zhuan)科(ke)(高職(zhi))學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)職(zhi)工(gong)為(wei)4.06年,排在第二(er)位;本(ben)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)職(zhi)工(gong)為(wei)3.09年,而碩士僅(jin)有(you)2.69年。跳(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)槽周期反(fan)應出的是職(zhi)工(gong)穩定性與否的數據,但是從另一個(ge)側面可以(yi)看出高學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)層次職(zhi)工(gong)的選擇(ze)機會更多,給他們跳(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)槽創(chuang)造了客觀條件。
學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)是敲門磚(zhuan),用人單位很實際,在海量的(de)(de)簡(jian)歷(li)(li)中,不(bu)會(hui)逐一去(qu)看,只會(hui)通過電腦自動篩選(xuan),篩掉大專以下學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li),讓你(ni)(ni)連面(mian)試的(de)(de)機會(hui)都沒有。也許(xu)你(ni)(ni)很有能力,但是沒有學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li),你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)簡(jian)歷(li)(li)甚至不(bu)可(ke)能被(bei)HR搜索到。在工作經驗相(xiang)(xiang)同,待遇(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)情況下,用人單位必(bi)然會(hui)選(xuan)擇高學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)的(de)(de)求職(zhi)者(zhe)。真正擁有高學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)的(de)(de)人,接(jie)受的(de)(de)教(jiao)育知(zhi)識更多,視(shi)野(ye)更開(kai)闊,其(qi)世界觀、人生觀、價值觀會(hui)隨著知(zhi)識的(de)(de)積累而不(bu)斷升華,表(biao)現出來的(de)(de)綜合素(su)質(zhi)也會(hui)比低學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)者(zhe)要高,所以高學(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)層次員工晉升更容易也是順理成章。
山東搶人大戰如火如荼 但基本沒有低學歷人群什么事
2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)初,山東17地(di)(di)市(shi)一(yi)場(chang)波瀾壯闊的(de)“搶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)戰”在(zai)(zai)2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)初全面爆發(fa),“城美、錢(qian)多(duo)、速來”,落(luo)戶(hu)零門檻、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)生(sheng)(sheng)活補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)、租(zu)(zu)房買(mai)房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)等(deng)(deng)成(cheng)了(le)“搶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”標(biao)(biao)配(pei),綜合租(zu)(zu)房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、購房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、落(luo)戶(hu)等(deng)(deng)優(you)惠可(ke)以(yi)看出,此番(fan)17地(di)(di)市(shi)“搶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”重點(dian)都(dou)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)了(le)高層(ceng)次學(xue)歷人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)身上。比(bi)如濟南3月(yue)份出臺的(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)新政(zheng)30條”提出,對企業(ye)新引進的(de)博士(shi)(shi)(shi)、碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng),分別按照(zhao)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)1500元(yuan)(yuan)、1000元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)連續發(fa)放(fang)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)租(zu)(zu)房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie);青島(dao)則(ze)將租(zu)(zu)房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)提高至(zhi)碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)800元(yuan)(yuan)、博士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)1200元(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)緊(jin)缺(que)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)1200元(yuan)(yuan)、緊(jin)缺(que)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)博士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)1500元(yuan)(yuan);濰坊“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)新政(zheng)20條”把到濰工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)博士(shi)(shi)(shi)、碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、本(ben)科(ke)畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)生(sheng)(sheng)活補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)分別提高至(zhi)3000元(yuan)(yuan)、1500元(yuan)(yuan)、500元(yuan)(yuan);臨(lin)(lin)沂“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)新政(zheng)黃金22條”規定,在(zai)(zai)臨(lin)(lin)沂簽訂3年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上勞動合同并繳納社保、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)滿一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)博士(shi)(shi)(shi)、碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)和“雙一(yi)流”本(ben)科(ke)畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng),分別給予每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月(yue)3000元(yuan)(yuan)、2000元(yuan)(yuan)、1000元(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)津貼(tie)(tie);濟寧則(ze)圍繞電子信(xin)息、能(neng)源化(hua)工(gong)、裝備制(zhi)造、生(sheng)(sheng)物醫藥等(deng)(deng)重點(dian)產(chan)業(ye),3年(nian)(nian)(nian)內給予博士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)3萬元(yuan)(yuan)津貼(tie)(tie)、碩(shuo)(shuo)士(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)1.2萬元(yuan)(yuan)津貼(tie)(tie),本(ben)科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)內每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5000元(yuan)(yuan)津貼(tie)(tie)……一(yi)句話總結,租(zu)(zu)房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、購房補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)、落(luo)戶(hu)等(deng)(deng)優(you)惠待遇,基本(ben)沒有低(di)學(xue)歷層(ceng)次人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)什么事。
現(xian)代社會“學歷價值”迎來了(le)最好(hao)的體現(xian)時機(ji),也迎來了(le)最公平的競爭(zheng)環境。學歷和(he)學識非(fei)常重要的,它影(ying)響我(wo)們(men)的眼界,眼界決定格局,而格局影(ying)響人一生。有句被(bei)說過無(wu)數遍的話:最怕你一生碌(liu)碌(liu)無(wu)為,還(huan)安慰自己平凡可貴,所以學歷無(wu)用論者可以休矣!
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