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入夏以來，各(ge)地(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)持續上升，甚至有些地(di)方高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)橙色(se)、紅色(se)預警信號頻發(fa)(fa)。可有些用人單位(wei)，為了節約用工成本，對必須發(fa)(fa)放(fang)的高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼(tie)進行(xing)“偷工減料”，有些甚至干(gan)脆(cui)拖(tuo)延(yan)或拒(ju)絕發(fa)(fa)放(fang)。高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下辛勤(qin)工作(zuo)的勞動者們，你們的高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼(tie)到手了嗎？

高溫津貼不得計入最低工資

【案例】劉秀蘭(lan)等5人(ren)于今年元月(yue)與一(yi)家公(gong)司(si)簽訂(ding)書(shu)面勞動合同時(shi)，約定每月(yue)工(gong)資按當地最低工(gong)資標準計算(suan)。入夏以后，為(wei)鼓勵劉秀蘭(lan)等能堅(jian)持在烈日下(xia)工(gong)作，公(gong)司(si)規定，只要當日氣溫(wen)(wen)在35℃以上，便可在下(xia)午下(xia)班時(shi)從(cong)作業(ye)組(zu)長處領(ling)取20元高溫(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼。可當劉秀蘭(lan)等領(ling)取5月(yue)的工(gong)資時(shi)，卻發現(xian)工(gong)資比平時(shi)少了(le)100元。原來，此前劉秀蘭(lan)等已(yi)經領(ling)取的5天高溫(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼，已(yi)被公(gong)司(si)計入她們的最低工(gong)資之(zhi)內，并從(cong)中(zhong)扣除。

【說法(fa)(fa)】公(gong)司不(bu)得將高溫津(jin)貼計入劉秀蘭等人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)內(nei)(nei)。最(zui)(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)是指(zhi)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者在(zai)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)或(huo)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同約(yue)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)內(nei)(nei)提(ti)供(gong)了正(zheng)常勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)應當(dang)支(zhi)付的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報酬。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)社會保(bao)障部制定(ding)(ding)并實施的(de)(de)(de)《最(zui)(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)規定(ding)(ding)》第(di)十(shi)二條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)：“在(zai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者提(ti)供(gong)正(zheng)常勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)應支(zhi)付給勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)剔除下(xia)列各項以(yi)(yi)后，不(bu)得低于當(dang)地最(zui)(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)標準：（一(yi)）延長(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)；（二）中班、夜班、高溫、低溫、井下(xia)、有毒有害等特(te)殊(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境、條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)津(jin)貼；（三）法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規和(he)(he)國家規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者福利待(dai)遇等。”從中可以(yi)(yi)看出，高溫津(jin)貼并不(bu)包括在(zai)最(zui)(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)標準范圍內(nei)(nei)，而必須由用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)外另(ling)行給付。

高溫津貼不能年底一并結算

【案例】今年(nian)6月初，本以為因(yin)上月有(you)4天高溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)段在室外(wai)工(gong)作，按公司的(de)(de)承(cheng)諾可以領取到一筆高溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)的(de)(de)李銀茹等7人，發現自己(ji)所(suo)領報酬中(zhong)并沒有(you)該項目，遂找公司問詢。公司領導(dao)雖表示一定會如(ru)數(shu)支付，但提(ti)出由于公司資金周轉困難(nan)，加上需要領取高溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)的(de)(de)員工(gong)不止(zhi)她們7人，往后(hou)也還有(you)應當發放高溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)的(de)(de)時(shi)候，故經公司研(yan)究決定干(gan)脆(cui)到年(nian)底一并結算(suan)，不再按月發放。

【說法(fa)】公司的做法(fa)是錯誤的。鑒(jian)于(yu)高溫(wen)津貼屬于(yu)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的組成部分，而《工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)暫(zan)行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)》第七條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)：“工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)必(bi)須(xu)在用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者約定(ding)的日(ri)期(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)。”其第十(shi)八(ba)條也指出：“各級勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門有(you)權監察用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)的情況。用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)有(you)下列侵害勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者合法(fa)權益行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的，由勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門責令(ling)其支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)和經(jing)濟補償，并可責令(ling)其支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)賠償金：（一）克(ke)扣(kou)或者無(wu)故拖(tuo)(tuo)欠勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的……”而《對〈工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)暫(zan)行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)〉有(you)關(guan)問題(ti)的補充規(gui)(gui)定(ding)》第三(san)條則(ze)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)：“《規(gui)(gui)定(ding)》第十(shi)八(ba)條所稱‘無(wu)故拖(tuo)(tuo)欠’系指用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)無(wu)正當理由超過(guo)(guo)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)付(fu)薪時間未支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)。”為(wei)此(ci)，也就決定(ding)了如果公司不按期(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)便(bian)構成拖(tuo)(tuo)欠，李銀茹等自然可以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)相關(guan)途徑維權。

高溫津貼不得以防暑物品沖抵

【案例】今年的(de)立秋雖過去多天，但趙(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等(deng)16名(ming)勞動者(zhe)的(de)工(gong)作所在地的(de)氣溫(wen)(wen)卻(que)接連保持在35℃以上。為了不(bu)因高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)而耽誤生產，趙(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)所在公(gong)司要求趙(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等(deng)工(gong)人(ren)照常(chang)在露天環境下工(gong)作，并提供(gong)了充足的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)解(jie)暑(shu)(shu)清涼(liang)飲(yin)料，發放(fang)了相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)保健用品。可月(yue)底趙(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等(deng)人(ren)領(ling)工(gong)資時卻(que)發現各自并沒(mei)有領(ling)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼。公(gong)司的(de)解(jie)釋是其已提供(gong)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)解(jie)暑(shu)(shu)清涼(liang)飲(yin)料，發放(fang)防(fang)暑(shu)(shu)保健用品，這些已與高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼相(xiang)互(hu)沖抵，趙(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等(deng)無權再獲取高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼。

【說法】公(gong)司(si)無權以(yi)防(fang)暑(shu)物(wu)品(pin)沖抵高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼。一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)解(jie)暑(shu)清涼(liang)飲料、保健用品(pin)的開支(zhi)屬于防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的范疇，而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼和防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)兩個不同(tong)的概(gai)念。防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)針對暑(shu)期在(zai)崗(gang)的勞動者(zhe)發放，即只要(yao)在(zai)崗(gang)就(jiu)應當人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)有(you)份，具體給(gei)付(fu)(fu)時間(jian)與標準，由有(you)關部門根據(ju)本地對高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)氣(qi)候的界定來(lai)確定，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為5－9月間(jian)。而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼則是(shi)針對在(zai)特殊環(huan)境(jing)下作業的勞動者(zhe)發放，并非(fei)人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)有(you)份。通常只面(mian)向需要(yao)在(zai)室內氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)≥33℃、露天氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)>35℃環(huan)境(jing)下工作的人(ren)(ren)群。這類人(ren)(ren)群除了有(you)領取高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼的權利(li)外，還可(ke)以(yi)領取防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼的給(gei)予方式(shi)不同(tong)于防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)。防(fang)暑(shu)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)費(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)現(xian)金支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)，也可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)通過發放物(wu)品(pin)的形式(shi)沖抵，而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼只能是(shi)現(xian)金支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)。